Operating Systems

Accessible security — Integration effort of independent security efforts like Qubes, Heads, coreboot, etc

The "Accessible security" project's initiative was sparked by the need for usable security made available to the average citizen. Several projects are contributing a part of this bigger puzzle: QubesOS, coreboot, Heads, me_cleaner, Whonix and others. Yet the average person does not have the sophistication to integrate these software projects. With some effort we can add some missing parts, help the effected projects usability, and facilitate access to cutting-edge developments, currently only usable by developers and more sophisticated users. Bringing these projects together will reduce the amount of expertise and effort required to benefit from these projects.

>> Read more about Accessible security

Heads-OpenPGP — OpenPGP Authenticated Heads and long-time awaited security improvements

The work to be accomplished in this project will resolve Heads current missing accessibility, reproducibility and platforms locking improvements, including Heads missing authentication mechanisms prior of permitting recovery shell access or booting USB external media, possibly leading to data loss without evil-maid even having to unscrew anything. Also, a user currently losing his USB GPG dongle would lose its private encryption subkey forever therefore losing access to all past encrypted content and lessening security until dongle replacement. By considering Heads as a secure pre-boot "clean room" environment on initial flashing/reflashing of whole firmware, generating GPG master key and subkeys in memory and implementing keys backup/restore mechanisms to/from/creating USB thumb drive encrypted storage, Heads will be able to rely further on OpenPGP (gnupg toolstack) and its detached-signing of content and signature verification against fused public (measured) key to authenticate the owner of the machine prior of letting him have access to the machine's persistent states. Having reproducible builds again will make auditability of the firmware easier, while locking the firmware prior of leaving Heads environment will prevent whole classes of SPI based persistent threats.

>> Read more about Heads-OpenPGP

Betrusted OS — An embedded OS for cryptographic devices

Betrusted OS will underpin the Betrusted ecosystem, and will enable secure process isolation. It will be written a safe systems language - namely Rust - to ensure various components are free from common programming pitfalls and undefined behavior. Unlike modern operating systems that trade security for speed, the Betrusted OS will prioritize security and isolation over performance. For example, it will be a microkernel that utilizes message passing and services rather than a monolithic kernel with modules. Unlike other deeply-embedded operating systems, it will require an MMU, and support multiple threads per process. This will let us add features such as service integrity and signature verification at an application level.

>> Read more about Betrusted OS

Betrusted software — A minimalist and secure OS for embedded communication devices

The Betrusted software project utilizes the strongly typed Rust programming language to build the first applications and libraries for the open hardware Betrusted.io project. Betrusted is pioneering a new class of open hardware communications device, with a grant by NGI Zero. The project will set up a virtual environment for betrusted (e.g. QEMU / RISC-V) in order to develop and test software as close to target as possible and unlock community collaboration and contributions. The second main task in the project is to write a Matrix protocol command line client in order to analyze the memory characteristics in the highly constrained betrusted environment. The additional time is to be allocated to development support for the Bestrusted OS, develop glue layers and verify necessary interfaces for applications, provide unit/integration tests and develop (test) applications for it.

>> Read more about Betrusted software

GNU Guix - Cuirass — Continuous integration system for GNU Guix/Linux + Hurd

GNU Guix is a universal functional package manager and operating system which respects the freedom of computer users. The number of supported packages, almost 15.000 on 5 different architectures, is constantly increasing. With the recent efforts adding support for the GNU Hurd operating system, and the ongoing work to easily provide Guix System images for various boards, the need for a strong continuous integration system is critical.

This project aims to improve Cuirass, the GNU Guix continuous integration software to provide binary substitutes for every package or system image within the shortest time. This way, the user won't have to allocate important time and computation power resources into package building. The plan is to add to Cuirass an efficient offloading and work-balancing mechanism between build machines, an improved web interface allowing to monitor machine loads and other build related metrics. A user account section to setup customized monitoring dashboards and subscribe to build failures notifications will also be developed.

>> Read more about GNU Guix - Cuirass

Structuring the System Layer with Dataspaces — Implementing a secure and scalable system layer on mobile

The system layer is an essential but often-ignored part of an operating system, mediating between user-facing programs and the kernel. Despite its importance, the concept has only been recently recognised and has not received a great deal of attention. The novel Dataspace Model of concurrency and communication combines a small number of concepts to yield succinct expression of ubiquitous system-layer features such as service naming, presence, discovery and activation; security mechanism and policy; subsystem isolation; and robust handling of partial failure. This project will evaluate the hypothesis that the Dataspace Model provides a suitable theoretical and practical foundation for system layers, since a well-founded system layer is a necessary part of any vision of secure, securable, resilient networked personal computing.

>> Read more about Structuring the System Layer with Dataspaces

Fobnail — Remote attestation delivered locally

The Fobnail Token is a tiny open-source hardware USB device that provides a means for a user/administrator/enterprise to determine the integrity of a system. To make this determination, Fobnail functions as an attestor capable of validating attestation assertions made by the system. As an independent device, Fobnail provides a high degree of assurance that an infected system cannot influence Fobnail as it inspects the attestations made by the system. Fobnail software is an open-source implementation of the iTurtle security architecture concept presented at HotSec07; in addition, it will leverage industry standards like TCG D-RTM trusted execution environment and IEFT RATS. The Fobnail project aims to provide a reference architecture for building offline integrity measurement servers on the USB device and clients running in Dynamically Launched Measured Environments (DLME). It allows the Fobnail owner to verify the trustworthiness of the running system before performing any sensitive operation. Fobnail does not need an Internet connection what makes it immune to the network stack and remote infrastructure attacks. It brings the power of solid system integrity validation to the individual in a privacy-preserving solution.

>> Read more about Fobnail

GNU Mes — Help create an operating system we can trust

GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system using large, unauditable binary blobs, which is common practice for all software distributions. Mes is a Scheme interpreter written in a simple subset of C and a C compiler written in Scheme and comes with a small, bootstrappable C library. The Mes bootstrap has halved the size of opaque binaries that were needed to bootstrap GNU Guix, a functional GNU/Linux distribution that focusses on user freedom, reproducibility and security. That reduction was achieved by replacing GNU Binutils, GNU GCC and the GNU C Library with Mes. The final goal is to help create a full source bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system. After three years of volunteer work this funding will enable us to take another big step forward and reach an important new milestone in creating more auditable secure software distributions.

>> Read more about GNU Mes

Full-source GNU Mes on ARM and RISC-V — Expand full-source bootstrap to other CPU platforms

GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system using large binary blobs of several 100s of megabytes, which (incredibly so!) is common practice for the software supply chains in use today. While these days users can reproducibly build software with modern functional package managers like Guix and Nix, the presence of potentially toxic code in these unauditable blobs or the propagation into binaries cannot be excluded. Users have no technical assurance that the executable they use corresponds with the source code - or whether the tool chain which compiled the source code introduce weaknesses or undefined behaviour. By making the toolchain 'bootstrappable' (as per bootstrappable.org), users can verify themselves for every step what happens - in the case of GNU Mes from one tiny (and orders of magnitude more easily verifiable) 357-byte file upwards. The final goal is to help create a "full source" bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system and any type of architectures. In this project the project will add ARM and RISC-V, with other architectures on the roadmap.

>> Read more about Full-source GNU Mes on ARM and RISC-V

GNU Mes RISC-V — Bringing the trustworthy bootstrap to RISC-V

GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system using large, unauditable binary blobs, which is common practice for all software distributions. Mes is a Scheme interpreter written in a simple subset of C and a C compiler written in Scheme that comes with a small, bootstrappable C library. The final goal is to help create a full source bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system. This funding will enable GNU Mes to work on the RISC-V platform, an instruction set architecture (ISA) that is provided under open licenses. Combining GNU Mes with an open ISA will provide an extra level of security and trust by extending the auditability of the system from the software to also the hardware.

RISC-V is a relatively new architecture so this effort requires the backport of many tools that were already available for GNU Mes in other architectures. Also the modular nature of RISC-V makes it an specially complex bootstrap target, because it needs to support all the possible RISC-V implementations. This project aims to overcome the current limitations to prepare GNU Mes and all the associated projects for a full RISC-V port.

>> Read more about GNU Mes RISC-V

GNU Mes on ARM — Trustworthy bootstrap for operating systems on ARM ISA

GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system using large, unauditable binary blobs, which is common practice for all software distributions. Mes is a Scheme interpreter written in a simple subset of C and a C compiler written in Scheme that comes with a small, bootstrappable C library. The final goal is to help create a full source bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system. This funding will enable GNU Mes to work on the ARM platform.

>> Read more about GNU Mes on ARM

GNU Mes: Full Source bootstrap —

GNU Mes was created to address the security concerns that arise from bootstrapping an operating system using large, unauditable binary blobs, which is common practice for all software distributions.

Mes is a Scheme interpreter written in a simple subset of C and a C compiler written in Scheme and comes with a small, bootstrappable C library.

The Mes bootstrap has greatly reduced the size of opaque binaries that were needed to bootstrap GNU Guix, a functional GNU/Linux distribution that focusses on user freedom, reproducibility and security.

That reduction (from ~250MB to ~60MB) was achieved by first replacing GNU Binutils, GNU GCC and the GNU C Library with Mes. The second step was funded by NLnet (https://nlnet.nl/project/GNUMes) and replaced GNU Awk, GNU Bash, the GNU Core Utilities, GNU Grep, GNU Gzip, GNU SED, and GNU Tar with a more mature Mes, Gash and Gash-Utils.

The final goal is to help create a full source bootstrap for any interested UNIX-like operating system and non-intel architectures (see https://nlnet.nl/project/GNUMes-arm) This funding will enable us to take another big step forward and reach an important new milestone in creating more auditable secure software distributions.

>> Read more about GNU Mes: Full Source bootstrap

GNU Mes Tower — GNU Mes with alternative scheme implementations and WASM

GNU Mes was created to provide transparency and strong technical assurances when bootstrapping an operating system - instead of using large, unauditable binary blobs that bring the risk of "reproducibly malicious" behaviour within the software toolchain. GNU Mes provides a transparent alternative: starting from a Scheme implementation of a C compiler, and a minimal Scheme interpreter written in C, to bootstrap the full GNU toolchain capable of building the rest of all open-source software.

The GNU Mes Tower projects will add the option to stay on the "Scheme" path without having to resort to C, starting from either same minimal Scheme interpreter with a specializer as a Scheme compiler capable of generating native binaries. To achieve self-hosting, a series of bootstrapping steps will be implemented to add features to each interpretation level one-by-one, maintaining specialization to native code. The sequence of more and more capable Scheme compilers will allow operating systems like Guix to be bootstrapped without C, and move from a minimal Scheme interpreter to full-blown modern scheme dialects to allow much more advanced features and optimisations during the bootstrap.

>> Read more about GNU Mes Tower

GNU Guix — Discovery of service configurations in a declarative setup

GNU Guix is a universal functional package manager and operating system which respects the freedom of computer users. It focuses on bootstrappability and reproducibility to give the users strong guarantees on the integrity of the full software stack they are running. It supports atomic upgrades and roll-backs which make for an effectively unbreakable system. This project aims to enhance multiple facets; the main three goals are: (1) distributed package distribution (e.g. over IPFS), (2) composable and programmable user configurations / services (a way to replace "dotfiles" by modules that can be distributed and serve a wide audience), (3) broaden accessibility via, among others, a graphical user interface for installation / package management.

>> Read more about GNU Guix

Tooling to improve security and trust in GNU Guix — Contextual software vulnerability discovery

GNU Guix is a universal functional package manager and operating system which respects the freedom of computer users. It focuses on boostrappability and reproducibility to give the users strong guarantees on the integrity of the full software stack they are running. It supports atomic upgrades and roll-backs which make for an effectively unbreakable system. This project aims to automate software vulnerability scanning of packaged software to protect users against possibly dangerous code.

>> Read more about Tooling to improve security and trust in GNU Guix

Gash — Port Gash to GNU Mes for auditable bootstrap

For several years, the GNU Guix project has been reducing the amount of unauditable binary blobs used in bootstrapping its operating system, through efforts such as GNU Mes. This is needed to avoid "reproducibly malicious" behaviour within the software toolchain.

Gash is a POSIX-compatible shell written in Guile Scheme. Gash provides both the traditional shell interface, as well as a Guile library for parsing shell scripts. Once this project is completed, Guix (and other operating systems) can be bootstrapped from legible source, without depending on already compiled compilers or C standard libraries. This will allow to move step by step from a minimal Scheme interpreter to full-blown modern scheme dialects to subsequently much more advanced features and optimisations required during the bootstrap.

>> Read more about Gash

Genodepkgs — When Genode and Nixpkgs meet

The past decade has seen substantial improvements in the field of operating systems that have raised the standards for building high-assurance and security-critical systems. Unfortunately this technology is rarely utilized by smaller organizations and private users due to the cost of retooling, reconfiguring, and the lack of continuity between OS communities.

The Genode OS framework is a free-software toolkit of components that can be used to construct custom operating systems from a trusted codebase of drastically reduced complexity. Genodepkgs is an extension to the Nix package collection that integrates the Genode toolkit. This package collection, or Nixpkgs, is one of the most comprehensive collections of readily deployable software to date, and contains within it the NixOS Linux distribution. By extending the collection to cover Genode, a new diversity of operating systems can be realized using the variety of microkernels, device drivers, and utilities provided by Genode, as well as hybrid systems composed of an isolating Genode base layer and virtualized NixOS guests. Making such compositions possible by reusing the methods of NixOS can bridge the divide between contemporary Linux system administration and next-generation operating system developments.

>> Read more about Genodepkgs

Porting Guix to Riscv64 — Port Guix software collection to Riscv64 architecture

This project will work on bringing the Rust support of GNU Guix on Riscv64 up to fully supported, with the bootstrap chain from source. It will also bring Riscv64 in Guix up to the full level of support that is expected of commonly used architectures, ready to be used in all the applications where GNU Guix is already found. Riscv64, being an Open Architecture, freely available to anyone who wants to implement processors, goes a long way towards ensuring that our future computing platforms are free of hidden backdoors. GNU Guix, being a true Free Software Operating System and compiled from source from a small bootstrap binary, with reproducibility guarantees, is as close as the computing community has come to a fully auditable software chain that makes sure all the software we run on our computers is what we intend, and nothing more. By combining the Riscv64 architecture and GNU Guix for software we can reach toward a fully secure and auditable computing platform that we might consider trusting.

>> Read more about Porting Guix to Riscv64

Implement sound support in the Hurd — Add audio capabilities to the multiserver microkernel from GNU

The GNU Hurd is a light weight kernel (the central part of an operating system) on top of the Mach microkernel, with full POSIX compatibility. The mission of the Hurd project is: to create a general-purpose kernel suitable for the GNU operating system, which is viable for everyday use, and gives users and programs as much control over their computing environment as possible. Hurd provides security capabilities like adding access to services for programs at runtime when and only while they need it, and to enable easy low-level development - like replacing a file system during runtime and real-time kernel debugging as if it were a normal program. This project adds an important feature to GNU Hurd: an audio-system with fine-grained access management to physical hardware.

>> Read more about Implement sound support in the Hurd

KWin and Wayland input — Secure windowing system for KWin

When you run remote applications across the internet, you typically need a display server. Wayland is the future windowing system on Unix, a communication protocol that specifies the communication between a display server and its clients One core goal in its design was to provide a safe and secure system protecting users data and privacy. The traditional windowing system X11 does not, which means that programmes can just spy on inputs and outputs of every other programme. Making a secure system that is still usable comes with challenges. When clients need to communicate, channels of communication must be carefully designed to provide it in a secure and reliable way. One of these channels is when one client provides a virtual keyboard or input methods support (for example for CJK languages) and another client consumes the input data. The project aims at implementing communication channels for that through Wayland protocol extensions in KWin and provide test clients as well as improving the used protocol extensions upstream.

>> Read more about KWin and Wayland input

Usability of Linux firewall userspace tools — Userspace tooling for Linux kernel Netfilter

Netfilter is the project offering the packet classification framework for GNU/Linux operating systems. Netfilter supports for stateless and stateful packet filtering, mangling, logging and NAT. Netfilter provides a rule-based language to define the filtering policy through a linear list, sets and maps. This language is domain specific and it provides a simplified programming language to express filtering policies.

Firewall operators are usually not programmers, although they are typically knowledgeable about shell scripting. Humans currently have few means to check for mistakes when elaborating filtering policies, which as a result can interact in unpredictable ways or cause performance issues - meaning one can never be sure how much they can be trusted to protect users.

Lack of correctness and inconsistencies emerge as the rule set increases in complexity. Introducing ways to assist the operator to spot these problems and to provide hints to express the filtering policies in a better way would help to improve this situation. Error reporting is another key aspect to assist humans in troubleshooting. This project aims to extend the existing tooling to introduce infrastructure to cover this aspects.

>> Read more about Usability of Linux firewall userspace tools

Maemo Leste — An independent mobile operating system focused on trustworthiness

Maemo Leste aims to provide a free and open source Maemo experience on mobile phones and tablets. It is an effort to create a true FOSS mobile operating system for the FOSS community. Maemo Leste is based on GNU/Linux, and specifically - Devuan GNU/Linux. The goal is to provide a secure and modern mobile operating system that consists only of free software, obeys and respects the users' privacy and digital rights. The project also works closely with projects that aim to produce hardware that Maemo Leste and other community mobile operating systems could run on. The operating system itself takes much of its design and core components from the Nokia-developed Maemo Fremantle, while replacing any closed source software with open source software.

>> Read more about Maemo Leste

Securing NixOS services with systemd —

NixOS, with the nix package manager, provides different services that can be installed and configured in a reproducible, declarative way. But how does one know whether software sticks to what it is supposed to do, and prevent a malicious application to spy on others?

Systemd provides users with ways to specify fine-grained sandboxing options for their running service, taking advantage of the Linux kernel's security facilities. This project will improve the default configuration of the services that are available in NixOS using systemd, so that users may deploy services without granting them too much trust: the services would only have access to the parts of the system they require. From a security point of view, this limits the attack surface of the system and improves a lot of defense in depth. This also means that services wouldn't be able to snoop on all of the user's system.

To gain long-term benefits from this project, we will develop automated tools to help with finding the right configuration for a given service, and we will write documentation to help people who will want to secure other services with their task.

>> Read more about Securing NixOS services with systemd

UEFI Secure Boot support for NixOS — Add a self-sovereign root of trust as part of supply chain security

This project combines the power of the reproducible package manager Nix with the cryptographic protections of UEFI Secure Boot to provide concrete assurances about the authenticity of the software being booted into. Supply chain security works upward from a root of trust, which has to be in place before the very first bytes of code are even executed by a host’s CPU. UEFI Secure Boot helps provide this root of trust. Using UEFI Secure Boot, the host’s firmware will only boot the operating system if it is signed by a key stored in the firmware. This key may be issued by Microsoft, or in this project’s case, be generated by the user. This can help resist attacks from malware or other attacks against the system’s integrity. Obviously, when people use a commodity operating system commercially available to everyone (like Microsoft Windows) the security protection is far less and the risks are far greater than when someone generates a custom operating system with a reproducible tool like Nix. The Host and signing service will use TPM-backed attestation keys to mutually attest the authenticity of the requests.

This tool will initially support systemd-boot and uboot, however the project will be specifically designed with the intention of supporting additional bootloaders.

>> Read more about UEFI Secure Boot support for NixOS

Nominatim — Multi-lingual support in address search

Nominatim is an open-source geographic search engine (geocoder). It makes use of the data from OpenStreetMap to built up a database and API that allows to search for any place on earth and lookup addresses for any given geographic location. It is used as the main search engine on the OpenStreetMap website where it serves millions of requests per day but it can also be installed locally. You can easily set it up for a small country on your laptop. Nominatim has always aimed to be usable world-wide for any place in any language. To that end it has used generic, language-agnostic algorithms that assume a uniform data model. This has served us especially well while the OpenStreetMap database was in its early stages of development and changing fast. Now that it has matured, it is time to further improve the search experience by taking into account the particularities of different languages and the different practises when it comes to geographic addressing. We aim to restructure the part of the software that parses the place names and search queries to make it more configurable and make it easier to take into account languages and regional peculiarities.

>> Read more about Nominatim

Oil Shell — A new dialect of shell that is less error-prone

Oil is a new Unix shell. Shell languages provide an (IEEE standardised) interactive command language and interactive scripting environment used to control computer operating systems. Shell scripts are deployed and used visibly and invisibly to command or glue together different applications and control the execution of tasks. Oil is the upgrade path from traditional shells like bash to a better and more structured language and runtime. It already runs thousands of lines of unmodified POSIX compliant shell scripts (as well as bash scripts which aren't compliant), but in a safer and more reliable way.

OSH can be smoothly upgraded to YSH, a new shell language influenced by Python, Ruby, JavaScript, JSON, and YAML. YSH also offers a basic interactive shell UI, and a "headless" API for building GUIs on top of shell. Through its set of specification languages, scripts can be translated to fast C++.

>> Read more about Oil Shell

OpenCryptoLinux — Make Linux run on OpenCryptoHW

OpenCryptoLinux aims to develop an open, secure, and user-friendly SoC template capable of running the Linux operating system, with cryptography functions running on a RISC-V processor. The processor will control a low-cost Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAS) for enhanced security, performance, and energy efficiency. Running Linux on this SoC allows non-hardware experts to use this platform, democratizing it. This project will help build an Internet of Things (IoT) that does not compromise security and privacy. The project will be fully open-source, which guarantees public scrutiny and quality. It will use other open-source solutions funded by the NLnet Foundation, such as the RISC-V processors from SpinalHDL and the OpenCryptoHW project.

>> Read more about OpenCryptoLinux

Qubes OS — Bring the security of Qubes OS to people with disabilities

Qubes OS is a free and open source operating system uniquely designed to protect the security and privacy of the user. Its architecture is built to enable the user to define different security environments ("qubes") on their computer and visually manage their interaction with each other and the world. This project will improve the usability of Qubes OS by: (1) reviewing and integrating already existing community-created usability improvements, (2) implementing a localization strategy for the OS and its documentation, and (3) creating a holistic approach for improved accessibility.

>> Read more about Qubes OS

Replicant on Guix — Reproducible build infrastructure for Replicant

The project summary for this project is not yet available. Please come back soon!

>> Read more about Replicant on Guix

Graphics acceleration on Replicant — Free software graphics drivers for mobile phones

The project aims to create a free software graphics stack for Replicant 9 that is compatible with OpenGL ES (GLES) 2.0 and can do software rendering with a decent performance, or GPU rendering if a free software driver is available. Replicant is a fully free software Android distribution that puts emphasis on freedom, privacy and security. It is based on LineageOS and replaces or avoids every proprietary component of the system. Replicant is so far the only distribution for smartphones that is endorsed by the Free Software Foundation as meeting the Free System Distribution Guidelines. Due to its strict commitment to software freedom, Replicant does not use the proprietary GPU drivers that shipped within other Android distributions. The project aims to put together a new graphics stack for the upcoming Replicant 9 that is GLES 2.0 capable. The project will then focus on improving the performance by fine tuning its OpenGL operations and leveraging hardware features. At last, focus will swift into the integration of the Lima driver, a free software driver for ARM Mali-4xx GPUs, which will allow to offload some GLES operations to the GPU. This will greatly increase graphics performance and thus usability.

>> Read more about Graphics acceleration on Replicant

Finish porting Replicant to newer Android version — Alternative, free software version of Android

Replicant is the only fully free operating system for smartphones and tablets. All the other operating systems for smartphones and tablets use nonfree software to make some of the hardware components work (cellular network modem, GPS, graphics, etc). Replicant avoids that, either by writing free software replacement, by tweaking the system not to depend on it, or, as the last resort by not supporting the hardware component that depends on it. However it is based on Android 6, which is not supported anymore, thus it has way too many security issues to fix, so keeping using this version is not sustainable. This project consists in finishing to port Replicant to Android 9, which now has standardised an interface for the code that makes the hardware components work. Once done, it will also make the free software replacement automatically work on future Android versions.

>> Read more about Finish porting Replicant to newer Android version

Robotnix — Reproducible Builds of Android with NIX

Robotnix enables a user to easily build Android (AOSP) images using the Nix package manager. AOSP projects often contain long and complicated build instructions requiring a variety of tools for fetching source code and executing the build. This applies not only to Android itself, but also to projects which are to be included in the Android build, such as the Linux kernel, Chromium webview, and others. Robotnix orchestrates the diverse build tools across these multiple projects using Nix, inheriting its reliability and reproducibility benefits, and consequently making the build and signing process very simple for an end-user.

>> Read more about Robotnix

Rocket CWMP — Remote governance and configuration for internet equipment

CWMP (CPE WAN Management Protocol) or TR-069 is a technical specification of a Broadband Forum designed for remote governing of a CPE. CWMP is a standardized and widely-used text-based protocol enabling communication between CPE and Auto Configuration Server (ACS).

Rocket CWMP is a modular CWMP-client capable of supporting TR-069, TR-181 and other technical reports. The project was started out of an industry gap regarding a production-ready, FOSS solution that meets the ISP requirements and the feature and security requirements of modern embedded devices. It is capable of integrating into existing solutions for automatic and remote software installation or provisioning of CPEs. The client is designed to be easily portable to different Linux platforms (OpenWrt and other Linux distributions such as Yocto, Debian, Ubuntu and others). Its modularity implies that developers can easily build new features based on their requirements. It would serve as a light weight glue between CWMP and embedded Linux software standards for configuration and statistics.

The end goal of this project would be to create and FOSS delivering mandatory remote management features in ISP ecosystem. ISPs would finally be equipped with a CWMP client that: a) is an open and extendable replacement of the closed software alternatives, b) is designed to easily include and configure various backend systems and c) allows replacing proprietary firmware and leveraging Open Source components.

>> Read more about Rocket CWMP

Storing Efficiently Our Software Heritage — Faster retrieval within Software Heritage

Software Heritage (https://www.softwareheritage.org) is the single largest collection of software artifacts in existence. But how do you store this in a way that you can find something fast enough, taking into account that these are billions of files with a huge spread in file sizes? "Storing Efficiently Our Software Heritage" will build a web service that provides APIs to efficiently store and retrieve the 10 billions small objects that today comprise the Software Heritage corpus. It will be the first implementation of the innovative object storage design that was designed early 2021. It has the ability to ingest the SWH corpus in bulk: it makes building search indexes an order of magnitude faster, helps with mirroring etc. The project is the first step to a more ambitious and general purpose undertaking allowing to store, search and mirror hundreds of billions of small objects.

>> Read more about Storing Efficiently Our Software Heritage

SpinalHDL, VexRiscv, SaxonSoc — Open Hardware System-on-Chip design framework based on SpinalHDL

The goal of SaxonSoc is to design a fully open source SoC, based on RISC-V, capable of running linux and optimized for FPGA to allow its efficient deployment on cheap and already purchasable chips and development boards. This would provide a very accessible platform for individuals and industrials to use directly or to extend with their own specific hardware/software requirements, while providing an answer to hardware trust.

Its hardware technology stack is based on 3 projects. SpinalHDL (which provides an advanced hardware description language), VexRiscv (providing the CPU design) and SaxonSoC (providing the facilities to assemble the SoC).

In this project, we will extend SpinalHDL, VexRiscv and SaxonSoc with USB, I2S audio, AES and Floating point hardware capabilities to extend the SoC applications to new horizons while keeping the hardware and software stack open.

>> Read more about SpinalHDL, VexRiscv, SaxonSoc

Adding TPM Support to Sequoia PGP — Implement use of TPM 2.0 crypto hardware for OpenPGP

Protecting cryptographic keys is hard. If they are stored in a file, an attacker can exfiltrate them - even if the harddrive is encrypted at rest. A good practical solution is a hardware token like a Nitrokey, which stores keys and exposes a limited API to the host. For most end users, a token is a hassle: one needs to carry it around, it needs to be inserted, and it is not possible to work if it is left at home. And, it needs to be purchased. There is a better solution, which doesn't cost anything. A trusted computing module (TPM) is like an always-connected hardware token only more powerful (the keys can be bound to a particular OS installation, it can store nearly an unlimited number of keys, not just three) and TPMs are already present in most computers. This project will add support for TPMs to Sequoia PGP including comprehensive test suites and in-depth documentation for both software engineers: as an API and end-users as a way to use TPM bound keys through Sequoia's command-line interface (sq) for decryption and signing.

>> Read more about Adding TPM Support to Sequoia PGP

Spectrum — A security through compartmentalization based operating system

Spectrum is an implementation of a security through compartmentalization based operating system, built on top of the Linux kernel. Unlike other such implementations, user data and application state will be managed centrally, while remaining isolated, meaning that the system can be backed up and managed as a whole, rather than mixed up in several dozen virtual machines. The host system and isolated environments will all be managed declaratively and reproducibly using Nix, the purely functional package manager. This will save the user the burden of maintaining many different virtual computers, allowing finer-grained resource access controls and making it possible to verify the software running across all environments. The Linux base, and a variety of isolation technologies from containers to virtual machines, will bring security through compartmentalization to a much wider range of hardware than previous implementations, and therefore make it accessible to many more people.

>> Read more about Spectrum

Trustix — Make build logs available as publicly verifiable, tamper-proof Merkle trees

Software build infrastructure is vastly underestimated in terms of its potential security impact. When we install a computer program, we usually trust downloaded software binaries. But even in the case of open source software: how do we know that we aren't installing something malicious which is different from the source code we are looking at - for instance to put us in a botnet or siphon away cryptocurrencies? Typically, we have confidence in the binaries we install because we get them from a trusted provider. But once the provider itself is compromised, the binaries can be anything. This makes depending on individual providers a single point of failure in a software supply chain. Trustix is a tool that compares build outputs across a group of providers - it decentralizes trust. Multiple providers independently build the software, each in their own isolated environment, and then can vouch for the content of binaries that are the outcome of reproducible builds - while non-reproducible builds can be automatically detected.

In this project the team will work on further enabling trust delegation, by offloading log verification to trusted third parties - heavily inspired by the Delegated Proof of Stake consensus algorithm. It will bring Trustix into the Nix and the Guix ecosystems that are most amenable to Trustix' approach. The ultimate goal is for Trustix to integrate seamlessly into the entirely decentralized software supply chain so we can securely distribute software without any central corruptible entity.

>> Read more about Trustix

Tvix — Alternative Rust-based software build transparency

Tvix is a modern design and implementation of the Nix package manager (GPLv3). It brings a modular architecture in which components such as the build environment or package store are replaceable, which enables new use-cases and platforms. A graph-reduction evaluation model will make it possible to use Nix for package definitions and entire system configurations, its proven and tested use case, as well as for granular build definitions for individual components of software. Tvix will be fully compatible with nixpkgs, the existing package definition set for Nix, letting its users leverage more than a decade of community contributions and making it useful right out-of-the-box.

>> Read more about Tvix

video box — Affordable open hardware video-to-network

The goal of the FOSDEM video box project is to develop a cheap, compact, open hardware & free software video-to-network solution. Initial motivation came from scratching our own itch: replacing 60 bulky, costly, not entirely free boxes currently used at the https://fosdem.org conference. Several other conferences have already used the current setup successfully. We expect this number to grow in the future. The solution being free software and open hardware should make it flexible to adapt to different environments, like education. Being cheap and compact encourages experimental use in areas difficult to foresee. On the hardware side, we use the open hardware Olimex Lime2 board (EU built!) as a base. We plan an open hardware hdmi input daughterboard, iterating on a simplified prototype that helped us verify feasibility. On the software side, the core Allwinner A20 chip has attracted a lot of free and open source development already. That enables us to focus our efforts on optimising video encoding on this platform from a hdmi signal to a compact network stream.

>> Read more about video box

Free Software Vulnerability Database — A resource to aggregate software updates

"Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities" is one of the OWASP Top 10 Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Identifying such vulnerable components is currently hindered by data structure and tools that are (1) designed primarily for commercial/proprietary software components and (2) too dependent on the National Vulnerability Database (from US Dept. of Commerce). With the explosion of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) usage over the last decade we need a new approach in order to efficiently identify security vulnerabilities in FOSS components that are the basis of every modern software system and applications. And that approach should be based on open data and FOSS tools.

The goal of this project is create new FOSS tools to aggregate software component vulnerability data from multiple sources, organize that data with a new standard package identifier (Package URL or PURL) and automate the search for FOSS component security vulnerabilities. The expected benefits are to contribute to the improved security of software applications with open tools and data available freely to everyone and to lessen the dependence on a single foreign governmental data source or a few foreign commercial data providers.

>> Read more about Free Software Vulnerability Database

Web Shell — Desktop and security environment for web apps

The WebShell project aims to define and implement a new secure dataflow and the accompanying APIs for allowing users to use their files in Web apps without authorizing the apps to access the user's file storage. At its core, WebShell consists of a container single-page application which can open remote components (primarily apps and file-system adapters) in sandboxed iframes and communicate with them through HTML5 message channels using the defined APIs. WebShell provides for file operations and the required UI (file menus, toolbars, dialogs) to support the familiar file operations (new, open, save, etc.) while apps merely implement serialization and deserialization of an individual file's content, after the user's explicit request. The project will build a fully-featured WebShell Desktop container, as well as a minimal WebShell container for testing and easy deployment of single apps. In addition, we will integrate a starter set of editor apps for common file types and a starter set of file system adapters, concentrating primarily on self-hosting and non-commercial web storage solutions like remotestorage.io and Solid storage.

>> Read more about Web Shell

XWiki — Bring wiki capabilities into the Fediverse

XWiki is a modern and extensible open source wiki platform. Up until now, XWiki had been focusing on providing the best collaboration experience and features to its users. We're now taking this to the next level by having XWiki be part of the larger federation of collaboration and social software (a.k.a. fediverse), thus allowing users to collaborate externally. XWiki is embracing the W3C ActivityPub specification. Specifically we're implementing the server part of the specification, to be able to both view activity and content happening in external services inside XWiki itself and to make XWiki's activity and content available from these other services too. A specific but crucial use case, is to allow content collaboration between different XWiki servers, sharing content and activity.

>> Read more about XWiki

ZSipOs — Open hardware for telephony encryption

ZSIPOs is a fully open source based encryption solution for internet telephony. It takes the shape of a little dedicated gadget you connect with a desktop phone. At its core the device does not have a normal chip capable of running regular software (including malware) but a so called FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). This means the device cannot be remotely updated (secure by design): the functionality is locked down into the chip, and the system is technically incapable of executing anything else. This means no risk of remote takeover by an attacker like with a normal computer or mobile phone connected to a network like the internet. The whole system is open hardware, and the full design is available for introspection. Normal users and security specialists get transparent access to the whole system and can easily check, what functionality is realized by the FPGA. This means anyone can verify the absence of both backdoors and bugs. ZSIPOs is designed to be fully compatible with the standard internet telephony system (SIP) which is the one used with traditional telephony numbers. The handling is done in principal by a regular internet phone (Dial, Confirm once – done). The cryptographic system is based on the standard RFC 6189 - ZRTP (with “Z” like Phil Zimmermann, the father of PGP), meaning it can also be used when using internet telephony on a laptop or mobile phone - of course without the additional guarantee of hardware isolation. There is no need to trust in an external service provider to establish the absolute privacy of speech communication. The exchange and verification of a secure key between the parties ensures end-to-end encryption, meaning that no third party can listen into the call. To that extent the device has a display to exchange security codes. The same approach can also also used for secure VPN Bridgeheads, secure storage devices and secure IoT applications and platforms. The ZSipOS approach is an appropriate answer on today security risks: it is completely decentralized, and has no dependency on central instances. It has a fully transparent design from encryption hardware to software. And it is easy to use with hundreds of millions of existing phones.

>> Read more about ZSipOs

fwupd — Automatic Firmware updates for BSD operating systems

Security holes in the equipment we run are discovered all the time, and firmware is continuously upgraded as a result. But how do users discover what they need to upgrade to protect themselves? The goal of the "fwupd/LFVS integration in the BSD distributions" is to reuse the effort done by the fwupd/LVFS project and make it available in the BSD-based systems as well. The fwupd is available on Linux-based systems since 2015. It is an open-source daemon for managing the installation of firmware updates from LVFS. The LVFS (Linux Vendor Firmware Service) is a secure portal which allows hardware vendors to upload firmware updates. Over the years, some major hardware vendors (e.g. Dell, HP, Intel, Lenovo) have been uploading their firmware images to the LVFS so they can be later installed on the Linux-based systems. The integration of the fwupd in the BSD-based systems would allow reusing the well-established infrastructure so more users can take advantage of it.

>> Read more about fwupd

mobile-nixos — NixOS for mobile phones and tablets

The mobile-nixos project seeks to provide a coherent tool to produce configured boot images of NixOS GNU/Linux on existing mobile devices (cellphones, tablets). The goal is to provide a completely integrated mobile operating system, allowing full use of the hardware's capabilities, while empowering the user to exercise their four software freedoms to use, study, share and improve the software.

>> Read more about mobile-nixos

Software vulnerability discovery — Automating discovery of software update and vulnerabilities

nixpkgs-update automates the updating of software packages in the nixpkgs software repository. It is a Haskell program. In the last year, about 5000 package updates initiated by nixpkgs-update were merged. This project will focus on two improvements: One, developing infrastructure so that the nixpkgs-update can run continuously on dedicated hardware to deliver updates as soon as possible, and Two, integrating with CVE systems to report CVEs that are addressed by proposed updates. I believe these improvements will increase the security of nixpkgs software and the NixOS operating system based on nixpkgs.

>> Read more about Software vulnerability discovery

postmarketOS — An independent mobile operating system

postmarketOS is a mobile phone operating system for phones (and other mobile devices), based on Alpine Linux. Just like desktop Linux distributions, we have a package manager and a carefully crafted repository of trustworthy and privacy focused free software that will actually serve the users and not exploit them for their data. By sharing as much code as possible between various phone models, postmarketOS scales well and it becomes feasible to maintain devices even after OEMs have abandoned them.

>> Read more about postmarketOS

Reproducible Builds — Make the build processes behind software distributions reproducible

Reproducible builds are a set of software development practices that create an independently-verifiable path from source to binary code.

>> Read more about Reproducible Builds

x86-64 VM Monitor for seL4 verified microkernel — Very restricted virtualized environment for higher security

The security of any software system depends on its underlying Operating System (OS). However, even OSes such as Qubes, which are "reasonably secure" depend on large trusted computing bases (e.g. hypervisors) with hundreds of thousands of lines of code. For example, the Qubes' Xen Security Advisory Tracker reports that 53/283 (18%) of Xen vulnerabilities over the last eight years affected Qubes. As a step towards facilitating the implementation of more secure, Qubes-like systems, we propose to retarget it to the seL4 microkernel. seL4 is an open-source, formally-verified microkernel that has matured and been maintained for over a decade. seL4's small size (10,000 Lines of Code) and formal verification make it an appealing Xen replacement for Qubes, however, its virtualization support is currently limited. As a first step to enabling Qubes on seL4 we will implement a hardened, open-source, x86 64-bit Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) for the seL4 microkernel capable of hosting the core Qubes OS virtual machines.

>> Read more about x86-64 VM Monitor for seL4 verified microkernel

Free Software Vulnerability Database — A resource to aggregate software updates

"Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities" is one of the OWASP Top 10 Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Identifying such vulnerable components is currently hindered by data structure and tools that are (1) designed primarily for commercial/proprietary software components and (2) too dependent on the National Vulnerability Database (from US Dept. of Commerce). With the explosion of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) usage over the last decade we need a new approach in order to efficiently identify security vulnerabilities in FOSS components that are the basis of every modern software system and applications. And that approach should be based on open data and FOSS tools. The goal of this project is create new FOSS tools to aggregate software component vulnerability data from multiple sources, organize that data with a new standard package identifier (Package URL or PURL) and automate the search for FOSS component security vulnerabilities. The expected benefits are to contribute to the improved security of software applications with open tools and data available freely to everyone and to lessen the dependence on a single foreign governmental data source or a few foreign commercial data providers.

>> Read more about Free Software Vulnerability Database